Pengukuran Kecerdasan Emosi

Sekilas gambaran mengenai beberapa alat ukur baku yang digunakan untuk mengukur kecerdasan emosi. Penjelasannya sengaja tidak diterjemahkan ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia, agar maknanya tidak berubah. Beberapa alat ukur kecerdasan emosi yang baku tersebut antara lain:

1. (MEIS) Multi-Factor Emotional Intelligence Scale : The first ability-based measure of emotional intelligence was the Multi-Factor Emotional Intelligence Scale (MEIS; Mayer et al., 2000). The MEIS was designed to assess four components: emotional perception (i.e., identifying emotions in faces and stories); emotional facilitation of thought (i.e., relating emotions to other sensations, such as taste and colour); emotional understanding (i.e., solving emotional problems and understanding similar and different emotions); and emotional management (i.e., regulating emotions in oneself and in others). The MEIS underwent several revisions as a result of the low internal consistency and the length of the measure (e.g., Ciarrochi et al., 2000; Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, 1999). The MEIS provided the framework for the subsequent development of the Mayer Salovey Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT; Mayer et al., 1999). Sumber: Livingstone, dkk. (2002: 16-18).
2. (EQ-i) Emotional Quotient Inventory : The most widely known self-report measure of emotional intelligence is the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) developed by Bar-On (1997). The EQ-i is a self-report inventory that consists of 133 items assessing 15 sub-scales that are classified under 5 main factors (i.e., intrapersonal functioning, interpersonal skills, adaptability, general mood, and stress management). The intrapersonal functioning factor assesses emotional self-awareness, assertiveness, self-regard, self-actualization, and independence. The scale measuring interpersonal skills includes empathy, interpersonal relationships, and social responsibility. The adaptability scale assesses problem solving, reality testing, and flexibility. The scale measuring stress management assesses stress tolerance and impulse control. The general mood scale assesses happiness and optimism. Participants are asked to respond to the EQ-i based on a 5-point scale (1=not true of me, 5= true of me). The EQ-i demonstrates a high degree of internal consistency (Bar-On, 1997; Bar-On, 2000). In general, mixed models of emotional intelligence tend to assess a wide variety of personality traits (Mayer et al., 2000c; Mayer et al., 2000d). Sumber: Livingstone, dkk. (2002: 19).
3. (SREIS) Self -Report Emotional Intelligence Scale : The SREIS (Schutte et al., 1998) was developed to reflect Salovey and Mayer’s (1990) original ability model of EI and was validated in relation to dimensions of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (Salovey et al., 1995) as well as characteristics usually identified as more relevant to trait models of EI (Goleman, 1995) including alexithymia, optimism, and impulse control. This 33-item EI scale assesses multiple aspects of EI including appraisal and expression of emotions, regulation of emotion, and utilization of emotion. Participants rated the extent to which they agreed with each item on 5-point Likert-type scales ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Sumber : (Goldenberg, Matheson dan Mantler, 2006: 36).
4. (MSCEIT) Mayer Salovey Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test : The MSCEIT is a 141-item ability-based measure of EI (Mayer et al., 2002). The MSCEIT operationalizes the four branch model of EI based on participants’ ability to solve a series of emotional problems. Response formats are varied across the different tasks to increase the generalizability of results across response methods and to reduce correlated measurement error. Thus, some tasks use Likert-type rating scales, whereas other tasks use multiple choice formats. Scores are usually interpreted at the branch level, which corresponds to the four central aspects of EI: Perceiving Emotions indicates an individual’s ability to identify emotions in the self and in others; Using Emotions indicates the ability to access, generate, and use emotions to aid thinking; Understanding Emotions indicates one’s knowledge about the complexities of emotional meanings, emotional transitions, and emotional situations; and Managing Emotions indicates the capacity for emotional regulation for oneself and in others. Sumber : Goldenberg, Matheson dan Mantler (2006: 36).
5. (TMMS) Trait-Meta-Mood Scale : An example of efforts to measure ability-based emotional intelligence through the self-report method is the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS) developed by Salovey, Mayer, Goldman, Turvey, and Palfai (1995). The TMMS measured attention to emotion, emotional clarity, and emotional repair (Salovey et al., 1995). Sumber: Amelang dan Steinmayr (2006: 461) dan Livingstone, dkk. (2002: 18-19).
6. (TEMINT) Test of Emotional Intelligence : TEMINT (Schmidt-Atzert & Bühner, 2002) covers the ability to perceive accurately and appraise emotion in others as well the ability to understand emotion. Situations (n=12) are described that were real situations that different target persons had experienced and who had rated their emotions in the given situation. The feelings rated were: aversion, anger, fear, unease, sadness, guilt, happiness, pride, affection, and surprise. The participant has to rate these feelings experienced by the different target persons in each situation. The TEMINT score represents the degree to which a subject diverges from the correct estimation (based on the judgement of the target persons) of emotions in a given situation. Due to the fact that the TEMINT was the only Ability EI test, in order to perform a structural equation model (SEM), it was split into three parts. This procedure resulted in three tests of Ability EI, TEM 1, 2 and 3, each consisting of four subtasks. Sumber: Amelang dan Steinmayr (2006: 461).